Prescription Medications

• NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)  The first-line medical treatment for arthritis and chronic pain. FDA-approved options include carprofen (Novox, Rimadyl), meloxicam (Metacam), and grapiprant (Galliprant). Safe and effective when used as prescribed. Requires routine bloodwork monitoring for kidney and liver function.

• Gabapentin  Originally an anti-seizure drug; now widely used for nerve-related and chronic pain in dogs. Works on different pathways than NSAIDs — commonly added when NSAIDs alone aren't providing full relief. Most common side effect is mild sedation.

• Amantadine  Used as an add-on for dogs who have developed tolerance to other pain medications. Targets NMDA receptors in the nervous system. Rarely used as a standalone therapy.

• Tramadol  Occasionally used for breakthrough or acute pain. Research suggests lower efficacy in dogs than previously believed, but remains part of some multimodal protocols.

Weight Management

If your senior dog is overweight, helping them lose even a modest amount of weight is one of the most impactful pain management interventions available. Extra weight places disproportionate stress on already-compromised joints. Many dogs show more improvement from weight loss alone than from medication. Ask your vet about a tailored weight management plan.

Home Environment Adjustments

• Orthopedic or memory foam bed — relieves pressure on joints during sleep

• Non-slip rugs or mats on hardwood and tile floors

• Ramps instead of stairs or jumping (car, couch, bed)

• Raised food and water bowls — reduces neck and shoulder strain

• Warm compresses on sore joints for 10–15 minutes, especially on cold mornings

• Shorter, more frequent walks rather than long infrequent ones

• Warm, draft-free sleeping area — cold worsens arthritis significantly